Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
In millions of U.S. dollars, unless otherwise stated

16. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT


(i) Changes in estimates of the useful lives of property, plant and equipment

During 2010, the Company reviewed its estimate of the useful lives of property, plant and equipment, which resulted in a reduction in the depreciation rates and lengthening of the economic useful lives of the assets.

Estimates were based on internal specialists report and key assumptions made by those specialists which included: (i) the Company's operating plans; (ii) past experience; and (iii) the maintenance and utilization plans of the assets. External elements were also taken into consideration for comparison, such as available technologies, manufacturers' recommendations and manuals and durability rates of the assets. The Company determines residual value for certain aircraft and spare parts included in the Exchange Pool Program. Others items of property, plant and equipment does not have residual value attributed as the Company does not intend to sell or dispose of these assets, other than for scrap.

The new estimated useful lives were applied prospectively as from April 1, 2010, on the carrying balances of the assets. As a result of changes in estimated useful lives of the assets, the depreciation charges recognized in the consolidated statement of income at December 31, 2010 were US$19.2 less than the amount that would have been recorded based on the criteria used previously. The Company estimates that the effect of this change in accounting estimate in future years is approximately US$25.6.
New average useful life applied since April 1, 2010.

Class of assets Average usefull life (years)
Buldings and improvements 29
Installations 20,5
Machinery and equipment 11
Furniture and fixtures 7,5
Vehicles 9,5
Aircraft 12,5
Computers and peripherals 5
Tooling 10
Other assets 5
Exchange pool program assets 11

(ii) Non-use of deemed cost on initial adoption of the IFRS

Although recommended by the Brazilian Securities Commission – CVM, the Company did not attribute a new deemed cost to its assets. This decision was based on a detailed analysis, as follows:



Changes in property, plant and equipment:

  Land Buildings
land improvements
Installations Machinery and equipment Furniture and fixtures Vehicles
Cost
At December 31,2009 11.1 389.8 122.3 459.2 43.9 13.2
Additions
- 1.7 - 22.8 1.5 0.1
Disposals
- - - (31.0) (1.0) (0.3)
Impairment
- - - - - -
Reclassifications*
- 3.4 2.6 (5.0) 0.9 0.5
Translation adjustments - (0.5) - (7.3) (0.4) (0.3)
At December 31,2010 11.1 394.4 124.9 438.7 44.9 13.2
Accumulated depreciation
At December 31,2009
- (108.6) (80.4) (281.4) (25.6) (10.2)
Depreciation
- (9.2) (2.2) (13.5) (2.2) (0.5)
Disposals
- - - 9.6 0.8 0.3
Impairment
- - - - - -
Reclassifications* - - - - - -
Translation adjustments - 0.2 - 6.8 0.3 0.1
At December 31,2010 - (117.6) (82.6) (278.5) (26.7) (10.3)
 
Net
At December 31,2009 11.1 281.2 41.9 177.8 18.3 3.0
At December 31,2010 11.1 276.8 42.3 160.2 18.2 2.9

  Aircraft (i) Computers and peripherals Tooling Other assets Exchange pool program assets Construction in progress (ii) Total
Cost
At December 31,2009 375.8 108.8 264.2 2.5 132.5 16.0 1,939.3
Additions
29.0 12.3 10.1 0.4 47.1 24.6 149.6
Disposals
(17.5) (0.6) - (2.3) - - (52.7)
Impairment
(13.3) - - - - - (13.3)
Reclassifications*
98.3 (4.8) - 3.0 - (0.6) 98.3
Translation adjustments - (0.6) - (0.4) - - (9.5)
At December 31,2010 472.3 115.1 274.3 3.2 179.6 40.0 2,111.7
Accumulated depreciation
At December 31,2009
(76.3) (93.4) (108.8) (1.1) (52.2) - (838.0)
Depreciation
(25.3) (6.9) (20.6) - (22.6) - (103.0)
Disposals
9.7 0.6 - - - - 21.0
Impairment
- - - - - - -
Reclassifications* 0.9 - - - - - 0.9
Translation adjustments - 1.0 - - - - 8.4
At December 31,2010 (91.0) (98.7) (129.4) (1.1) (74.8) - (910.7)
 
Net
At December 31,2009 299.5 15.4 155.4 1.4 80.3 16.0 1,101.3
At December 31,2010 381.3 16.4 144.9 2.1 104.8 40.0 1,201.0
* Non cash transactions.

  Land Buildings
land improvements
Installations Machinery and equipment Furniture and fixtures Vehicles
Cost
At January 1st,2009 9.0 335.8 102.5 407.8 41.8 12.6
Additions
2.0 20.1 0.3 33.6 2.2 0.7
Disposals
- - - (12.8) (0.7) (0.6)
Impairment
- - - - - -
Reclassifications*
0.1 32.7 19.1 28.7 0.4 0.4
Translation adjustments - 1.2 0.4 1.9 0.2 0.1
At December 31,2009 11.1 389.8 122.3 459.2 43.9 13.2
Accumulated depreciation
At January 1st,2009
- (93.9) (72.8) (258.5) (23.4) (9.7)
Depreciation
- (14.5) (7.5) (34.3) (2.7) (0.8)
Disposals
- - - 13.5 0.7 0.4
Reclassifications*
- - - - - -
Translation adjustments
- (0.2) (0.1) (2.1) (0.2) (0.1)
At December 31,2009
- (108.6) (80.4) (281.4) (25.6) (10.2)
 
Net
At January 1st,2009 9.0 241.9 29.7 149.3 18.4 2.9
At December 31,2009 11.1 281.2 41.9 177.8 18.3 3.0

  Aircraft (i) Computers and peripherals Tooling Other assets Exchange pool program assets Construction in progress (ii) Total
Cost              
At January 1st,2009
Additions
338.0 105.7 253.9 2.5 114.2 74.4 1.798.2
Disposals
69.3 4.6 10.3 18.7 18.3 4.6 184.7
Impairment
(30.0) (1.7) - (0.6) - (1.5) (47.9)
Reclassifications*
- - - - - - -
Translation adjustments (1.5) (0.1) - (18.1) - (61.7) -
At December 31,2009 - 0.3 - - - 0.2 4.3
Accumulated depreciation 375.8 108.8 264.2 2.5 132.5 16.0 1.939.3
At January 1st,2009
Depreciation
(60.3) (88.0) (92.0) (1.1) (38.9) - (738.6)
Disposals
(19.2) (6.1) (16.8) - (13.3) - (115.2)
Reclassifications*
- - - - - - -
Translation adjustments
- (0.9) - - - - (3.6)
At December 31,2009
(76.3) (93.4) (108.8) (1.1) (52.2) - (838.0)
 
Net
At January 1st,2009 277.7 17.7 161.9 1.4 75.3 74.4 1.059.6
At December 31,2009 299.5 15.4 155.4 1.4 80.3 16.0 1.101.3
* Non cash transactions.

(i) These aircraft are used for testing, shuttle and operational leasing and are adjusted to the fair value, when applicable. The following number of aircrafts are included:


Of the aircraft above, 29 aircraft were under operating lease, two are used for testing and one for Company use.

(ii) Refers mainly to construction works to expand the manufacturing plants and aircraft maintenance centers.

At December 31, 2010, US$46.6 of property, plant and equipment were related to loans and financing guarantees and labor contingencies.

Depreciation expenses of US$77.3 (2009 – US$101.4) were charged to Cost of sales, US$9.2 (2009 – US$5.7) to Selling expenses and US$7.2 (2009 – US$8.1) to Administrative expenses.

Equipment lease cost total US$49.9 (2009 – US$65.1 and January 1st, 2009 US$47.9) and depreciation of US$49.9 (2009 – US$50.7 and January 1st, 2009 US$44.3).

Depreciation are related to leasing, respectively, are included in the statement of income.

In 2010, the finance expenses capitalized totaled US$0.1 (2009 – US$1.0 and January 1st, 2009 – US$3.0), applying a weighted average capitalization rate of 4.1% (2009 – 5.3% and January 1st, 2009 – 7.0%).



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